What Are Breast Cysts?
Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs within the breast tissue and are one of the most common benign breast conditions in women. They can vary in size, may appear suddenly and sometimes cause discomfort or pain. Although the word “cyst” can sound alarming, breast cysts are not cancer and do not increase the risk of developing breast cancer in most cases.
They are most commonly found in women between the ages of 35 and 55, especially during periods of hormonal fluctuation such as perimenopause.
Symptoms of Breast Cysts
Breast cysts may present in different ways. Some women notice them incidentally during routine imaging, while others experience symptoms such as:
- A smooth, round, or oval lump that moves easily under the fingers
- Breast pain or tenderness, especially before menstruation
- A lump that changes in size during the menstrual cycle
- Localized discomfort in one area of the breast
Small cysts may cause no symptoms at all and often require no treatment.
Types of Breast Cysts
Your breast specialist will determine the type based on imaging findings.
Simple Cysts
- Completely fluid-filled
- Smooth walls
- Benign and very common
- Usually require no intervention
Complicated or Complex Cysts
- May contain debris or thicker fluid
- Require closer evaluation
- Often monitored or aspirated depending on appearance
How Are Breast Cysts Diagnosed?
Breast cysts are typically diagnosed through:
- Clinical breast examination performed by a breast surgeon
- Breast ultrasound, which is the gold standard for distinguishing cysts from solid lumps
- Mammography, depending on age and clinical context
Ultrasound is particularly effective because it clearly shows whether a lump is filled with fluid or solid tissue.
Do Breast Cysts Need Treatment?
Most breast cysts do not require treatment. Management depends on symptoms and imaging findings:
- Asymptomatic cysts → reassurance and routine follow-up
- Painful or large cysts → fine needle aspiration to remove fluid and relieve discomfort
- Recurrent cysts → monitoring and hormonal evaluation if needed
Surgery is rarely required and only considered in very specific cases.
When Should You See a Specialist?
You should seek medical evaluation if:
- A new lump appears suddenly
- The lump is painful or growing
- You have a history of breast cysts and notice changes
- You are unsure whether a lump feels different from before
Early evaluation helps reduce anxiety and ensures appropriate care.
FAQs
Are breast cysts related to breast cancer?
No. Simple breast cysts are benign and not associated with an increased risk of cancer.
Can breast cysts come back after aspiration?
Yes. Some cysts may recur, especially during hormonal changes, but this is usually not dangerous.
Do breast cysts cause nipple discharge?
Occasionally, especially if they are located near the ducts, but this is uncommon.
Should breast cysts be removed surgically?
Surgery is rarely needed. Most cysts are managed conservatively.
About the Author
Dr. Annalisa Perego is a Breast Surgeon with extensive experience in diagnosing and managing both benign and malignant breast conditions. She is dedicated to early detection, patient education, and compassionate women’s healthcare.
